Stafford Slave Settlement

MFSE staff assisted with stabilization efforts for the Cumberland Island National Seashore Stafford Slave Settlement Chimney remnants.

The chimneys are understood to date to the 1820s and are the most visible remains of the slave quarters as well as a contributing feature of the Stafford Plantation Historic District. 26 chimneys or remains of chimneys have been documented, primarily comprised of tabby and clay brick masonry construction.

Various stabilization campaigns have been undertaken for the chimneys, none of which have resulted in an approved long-term stabilization solution. The current project developed comprehensive stabilization and restoration treatments for the chimneys, including structural stabilization, compatible masonry repairs, and possible removal of existing intrusive wood bracing elements.

As part of the stabilization efforts, MFSE staff conducted a detailed evaluation of select remnant chimneys, documenting via field notes and photographs the existing geometry and conditions of each structure. These field observations were used as the basis for a structural analysis evaluating the adequacy of the existing structures under various loadings, including resistance to gravity and lateral loading scenarios above grade and at the foundation level. Following the visual assessment and structural analysis, various stabilization scenarios were developed for the existing remnant chimneys. Final designs for construction of steel frameworks were developed as initial constructions at selected chimneys, which will also serve as prototypes for future stabilizations.